PHP Projects Free Downloads include around 36 Free PHP projects, 3 Projects built using CodeIgniter, and 36 Paid PHP projects. These projects are very obliging to enhance your skills with attractive web applications, and each Project is well designed for effective and interactive usage. The PHP projects are categorized into versatile topics ... Tutorial PHP #01: Mengenal Bahasa Pemrograman PHP. Tutorial PHP #02: Persiapan Pemrograman PHP di Linux. Tutorial PHP #02: Persiapan Pemrograman PHP di Linux dengan XAMPP. Tutorial PHP #02: Persiapan Pemrograman PHP di Windows. Tutorial PHP #03: Memahami Struktur Dasar Sintaks PHP. Tutorial PHP #04: Mengenal Fungsi untuk Mencetak Teks. Feb 6, 2023 · Also, you can increase PHP’s memory limit for specific websites. One method would be to place a php.ini file in the site’s webroot. You can even set the limit for specific scriptname.php. For example using ini_set(‘memory_limit’,’256MB’). How to increase PHP memory_limit. To increase the PHP memory limit setting, edit your PHP.ini file. Arrays. ¶. An array in PHP is actually an ordered map. A map is a type that associates values to keys. This type is optimized for several different uses; it can be treated as an array, list (vector), hash table (an implementation of a map), dictionary, collection, stack, queue, and probably more. As array values can be other array s, trees and ...Create a new account. It’s quick and easy. First name. Last name. Mobile number or email. New password. Birthday. Gender. Female Male Custom.PHP Variables. A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more descriptive name (age, carname, total_volume). A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable. A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character. A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9 ... Required Knowledge. Before you begin this PHP tutorial, it is necessary that you have a basic understanding and experience of the following: HTML - PHP can be written with HTML, so it's essential. Basic programming knowledge - If you have any traditional programming experience like C, then learning PHP will be very easy for you.The simplest method to determine the PHP version running on your website is executing a PHP file that contains the following code: <?php echo 'PHP version: ' . phpversion(); Create the file using a text editor like gedit or Notepad, and upload it to your website’s document root directory.Aug 1, 2023 · str_pad () can provide sufficient "zero padding" when using block ciphers and manual padding with openssl_encrypt () and similar. The example below will pad the 6 character text "Secret" with two \x00 characters and return 8 characters of data. Substitute your plain text and block size as needed. PHP is an open-source, interpreted, and object-oriented scripting language that can be executed at the server-side. PHP is well suited for web development. Therefore, it is used to develop web applications (an application that executes on the server and generates the dynamic page.). PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994 but appeared in the ...MySQL is a database system used on the web. MySQL is a database system that runs on a server. MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications. MySQL is very fast, reliable, and easy to use. MySQL uses standard SQL. MySQL compiles on a number of platforms. MySQL is free to download and use. MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by ...In summary, here are 10 of our most popular php courses. Web Applications for Everybody: University of Michigan. Building Web Applications in PHP: University of Michigan. Building Database Applications in PHP: University of Michigan. Building a Dynamic Web App using PHP & MySQL: Coursera Project Network. Learn Object-Oriented Programming with ...Also, you can increase PHP’s memory limit for specific websites. One method would be to place a php.ini file in the site’s webroot. You can even set the limit for specific scriptname.php. For example using ini_set(‘memory_limit’,’256MB’). How to increase PHP memory_limit. To increase the PHP memory limit setting, edit your PHP.ini file.Create a new account. It’s quick and easy. First name. Last name. Mobile number or email. New password. Birthday. Gender. Female Male Custom. Configure PHP.ini to display all errors. If adding some of the PHP code errors doesn’t show in the browser during testing, then the PHP ini configuration has some additional directives to handle this. display_errors = on. The display_errors directive must be set to “on” in the PHP ini file.Aug 1, 2023 · Note that fgetcsv, at least in PHP 5.3 or previous, will NOT work with UTF-16 encoded files. Your options are to convert the entire file to ISO-8859-1 (or latin1), or convert line by line and convert each line into ISO-8859-1 encoding, then use str_getcsv (or compatible backwards-compatible implementation). Tutorial PHP #01: Mengenal Bahasa Pemrograman PHP. Tutorial PHP #02: Persiapan Pemrograman PHP di Linux. Tutorial PHP #02: Persiapan Pemrograman PHP di Linux dengan XAMPP. Tutorial PHP #02: Persiapan Pemrograman PHP di Windows. Tutorial PHP #03: Memahami Struktur Dasar Sintaks PHP. Tutorial PHP #04: Mengenal Fungsi untuk Mencetak Teks.Then cut the closing body and html tags and paste them all the way down at the bottom, below the closing php tag to wrap your php code without actually changing anything. Finally, you can just put your plain old link to your stylesheet into the head of your HTML. Instagram PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. popular general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development. Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world. What's new in 8.2 Download. 8.2.9 · Changelog · Upgrading.W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more. PHP Variables. A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more descriptive name (age, carname, total_volume). A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable. A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character. A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9 ... In PHP, the array () function is used to create an array: array (); In PHP, there are three types of arrays: Indexed arrays - Arrays with a numeric index. Associative arrays - Arrays with named keys. Multidimensional arrays - Arrays containing one or more arrays. Create a new account. It’s quick and easy. First name. Last name. Mobile number or email. New password. Birthday. Gender. Female Male Custom.W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more.pub 2048R/31CBD89E 2016-12-08 Key fingerprint = 5289 95BF EDFB A719 1D46 839E F9BA 0ADA 31CB D89E uid Joe Watkins <[email protected]> pub rsa4096 2021-04-26 [SC] [expires: 2025-11-24] 39B6 4134 3D8C 104B 2B14 6DC3 F9C3 9DC0 B969 8544 uid [ultimate] Ben Ramsey <[email protected]> sub rsa4096 2021-04-26 [E] [expires: 2025-11-24] pub rsa4096 2021-04-01 [SC] F1F6 9223 8FBC 1666 E5A5 CCD4 199F 9DFE F6FF ... Aug 1, 2023 · Instancing a class normally (not through a variable) does not require the namespace. This seems to establish the pattern that if you are using an namespace and you have a class name in a string, you must provide the namespace with the class for the PHP engine to correctly resolve (other cases: class_exists(), interface_exists(), etc.) <?php Create an Array in PHP. In PHP, the array () function is used to create an array: array (); In PHP, there are three types of arrays: Indexed arrays - Arrays with a numeric index. Associative arrays - Arrays with named keys. Multidimensional arrays - Arrays containing one or more arrays.This web server is designed to aid application development. It may also be useful for testing purposes or for application demonstrations that are run in controlled environments. It is not intended to be a full-featured web server. It should not be used on a public network. The CLI SAPI provides a built-in web server.May 5, 2012 · In order to set project specific configuration options, simply add a php.ini file to your project, and then run the built-in server with this flag: php -S localhost:8000 -c php.ini. This is especially helpful for settings that cannot be set at runtime (ini_set ()). up. down. Aug 1, 2023 · worth reading for people learning about php and programming: (adding extras <?php ?> to get highlighted code) about the following example in this page manual: Example#1 Logical operators illustrated In PHP, the array () function is used to create an array: array (); In PHP, there are three types of arrays: Indexed arrays - Arrays with a numeric index. Associative arrays - Arrays with named keys. Multidimensional arrays - Arrays containing one or more arrays. PHP-PgSQL Similarly, to use PostgreSQL with PHP you should install the php-pgsql package: sudo apt install php-pgsql Configure PHP. If you have installed the libapache2-mod-php or php-cgi packages, you can run PHP scripts from your web browser. If you have installed the php-cli package, you can run PHP scripts at a terminal prompt. pub 2048R/31CBD89E 2016-12-08 Key fingerprint = 5289 95BF EDFB A719 1D46 839E F9BA 0ADA 31CB D89E uid Joe Watkins <[email protected]> pub rsa4096 2021-04-26 [SC] [expires: 2025-11-24] 39B6 4134 3D8C 104B 2B14 6DC3 F9C3 9DC0 B969 8544 uid [ultimate] Ben Ramsey <[email protected]> sub rsa4096 2021-04-26 [E] [expires: 2025-11-24] pub rsa4096 2021-04-01 [SC] F1F6 9223 8FBC 1666 E5A5 CCD4 199F 9DFE F6FF ... Validate Form Data With PHP. The first thing we will do is to pass all variables through PHP's htmlspecialchars () function. When we use the htmlspecialchars () function; then if a user tries to submit the following in a text field: - this would not be executed, because it would be saved as HTML escaped code, like this:Basic PHP Syntax. A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document. The default file extension for PHP files is " .php ". A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, and some PHP scripting code. Below, we have an example of a simple PHP file, with a PHP script that uses a built-in PHP function " echo " to output the text "Hello World!" Installed as CGI binary. Installed as an Apache module. Persistent Database Connections. — Using PHP from the command line. DTrace Dynamic Tracing. Function Reference. Affecting PHP's Behaviour. Audio Formats Manipulation. Command Line Specific Extensions.W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more. PHP = PHP Hypertext Preprocessor. SQL = Structured Query Language. SVG = Scalable Vector Graphics. XML = EXtensible Markup Language. The first parameter of fopen () contains the name of the file to be opened and the second parameter specifies in which mode the file should be opened.Facebook. Email or phone: Password: Forgot account? Create new account.May 30, 2023 · Great if you like your tutorials to the point. 11. Learn-php.org Free Interactive PHP Tutorial. Learn-php.org free interactive PHP tutorial. The unique thing about this PHP tutorial is that it’s a set of interactive exercises that encourage you to try out coding and see if you can get the expected output. PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. popular general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development. Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world. What's new in 8.2 Download. 8.2.9 · Changelog · Upgrading. Where src/ is the directory containing all your PHP code. Then, run the commands to build and run the Docker image: $ docker build -t my-php-app . $ docker run -d --name my-running-app my-php-app. We recommend that you add a php.ini configuration file; see the "Configuration" section for details.Description ¶. $_SERVER is an array containing information such as headers, paths, and script locations. The entries in this array are created by the web server, therefore there is no guarantee that every web server will provide any of these; servers may omit some, or provide others not listed here. However, most of these variables are ...PHP Exercises, Practice, Solution: PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.Create a new account. It’s quick and easy. First name. Last name. Mobile number or email. New password. Birthday. Gender. Female Male Custom.PHP. PHP is the scripting language in which Moodle is developed. It is integrated with your web server. The web server detects php pages (by their extension) and sends them to PHP for execution. PHP must be installed and configured properly for Moodle to work effectively (or at all). PHP: PHP 8.0.0 Release Announcement. PHP 8.1.23 Released! Change language: Released! PHP 8.0 is a major update of the PHP language. It contains many new features and optimizations including named arguments, union types, attributes, constructor property promotion, match expression, nullsafe operator, JIT, and improvements in the type system ... Basic PHP Syntax. A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document. The default file extension for PHP files is " .php ". A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, and some PHP scripting code. Below, we have an example of a simple PHP file, with a PHP script that uses a built-in PHP function " echo " to output the text "Hello World!"PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. popular general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development. Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world. What's new in 8.2 Download. 8.2.9 · Changelog · Upgrading. Then cut the closing body and html tags and paste them all the way down at the bottom, below the closing php tag to wrap your php code without actually changing anything. Finally, you can just put your plain old link to your stylesheet into the head of your HTML.W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more. PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. popular general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development. Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world. What's new in 8.2 Download. 8.2.9 · Changelog · Upgrading. PHP-PgSQL Similarly, to use PostgreSQL with PHP you should install the php-pgsql package: sudo apt install php-pgsql Configure PHP. If you have installed the libapache2-mod-php or php-cgi packages, you can run PHP scripts from your web browser. If you have installed the php-cli package, you can run PHP scripts at a terminal prompt. You will find php.exe, Once you get php.exe then you are done. Just type the path like below, here i am using XAMPP and type v for checking version and you are done. C:>"C:\xampp\php\php.exe" -vIn summary, here are 10 of our most popular php courses. Web Applications for Everybody: University of Michigan. Building Web Applications in PHP: University of Michigan. Building Database Applications in PHP: University of Michigan. Building a Dynamic Web App using PHP & MySQL: Coursera Project Network. Learn Object-Oriented Programming with ...Where src/ is the directory containing all your PHP code. Then, run the commands to build and run the Docker image: $ docker build -t my-php-app . $ docker run -d --name my-running-app my-php-app. We recommend that you add a php.ini configuration file; see the "Configuration" section for details. Where src/ is the directory containing all your PHP code. Then, run the commands to build and run the Docker image: $ docker build -t my-php-app . $ docker run -d --name my-running-app my-php-app. We recommend that you add a php.ini configuration file; see the "Configuration" section for details. PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages. PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP. Start learning PHP now » Easy Learning with "PHP Tryit" Launch your Laravel infrastructure on Vapor and fall in love with the scalable simplicity of serverless. Lightweight starter kit scaffolding for new applications with Blade or Inertia. Take the pain out of managing subscriptions on Stripe or Paddle. Automated browser testing to ship your application with confidence. PHP-GTK related documentation is hosted on the PHP-GTK website. Documentation of PEAR and the various packages can be found on a separate server. You can still read a copy of the original PHP/FI 2.0 Manual on our site, which we only host for historical purposes. The same applies to the PHP 3 Manual .Then cut the closing body and html tags and paste them all the way down at the bottom, below the closing php tag to wrap your php code without actually changing anything. Finally, you can just put your plain old link to your stylesheet into the head of your HTML. PHP: PHP 8.0.0 Release Announcement. PHP 8.1.23 Released! Change language: Released! PHP 8.0 is a major update of the PHP language. It contains many new features and optimizations including named arguments, union types, attributes, constructor property promotion, match expression, nullsafe operator, JIT, and improvements in the type system ... Select Data From a MySQL Database. The SELECT statement is used to select data from one or more tables: SELECT column_name (s) FROM table_name. or we can use the * character to select ALL columns from a table: SELECT * FROM table_name. To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial.Required Knowledge. Before you begin this PHP tutorial, it is necessary that you have a basic understanding and experience of the following: HTML - PHP can be written with HTML, so it's essential. Basic programming knowledge - If you have any traditional programming experience like C, then learning PHP will be very easy for you. A session is started with the session_start () function. Session variables are set with the PHP global variable: $_SESSION. Now, let's create a new page called "demo_session1.php". In this page, we start a new PHP session and set some session variables: The Definitive PHP 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.0, and 8.1 Benchmarks (2023) The year 2021 has been highly eventful for PHP ( and Kinsta ). PHP 8.0 is already a year old, and the much-anticipated PHP 8.1 was released on November 25, 2021, bringing many exciting features. You can catch up on all the latest PHP 8.1 features in our in-depth post.Note that fgetcsv, at least in PHP 5.3 or previous, will NOT work with UTF-16 encoded files. Your options are to convert the entire file to ISO-8859-1 (or latin1), or convert line by line and convert each line into ISO-8859-1 encoding, then use str_getcsv (or compatible backwards-compatible implementation).PHP is a server-side scripting language created in 1995 by Rasmus Lerdorf. PHP is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. What is PHP used for? As of October 2018, PHP is used on 80% of websites whose server-side language is known. It is typically ...Basic PHP Syntax. A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document. The default file extension for PHP files is " .php ". A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, and some PHP scripting code. Below, we have an example of a simple PHP file, with a PHP script that uses a built-in PHP function " echo " to output the text "Hello World!" array_push () Inserts one or more elements to the end of an array. array_rand () Returns one or more random keys from an array. array_reduce () Returns an array as a string, using a user-defined function. array_replace () Replaces the values of the first array with the values from following arrays.Validate Form Data With PHP. The first thing we will do is to pass all variables through PHP's htmlspecialchars () function. When we use the htmlspecialchars () function; then if a user tries to submit the following in a text field: - this would not be executed, because it would be saved as HTML escaped code, like this:PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites. It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server. PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution ...PHP is a server-side scripting language created in 1995 by Rasmus Lerdorf. PHP is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. What is PHP used for? As of October 2018, PHP is used on 80% of websites whose server-side language is known. It is typically ...In PHP, the array () function is used to create an array: array (); In PHP, there are three types of arrays: Indexed arrays - Arrays with a numeric index. Associative arrays - Arrays with named keys. Multidimensional arrays - Arrays containing one or more arrays. The PHP Framework. for Web Artisans. Laravel is a web application framework with expressive, elegant syntax. We’ve already laid the foundation — freeing you to create without sweating the small things.W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more. PHP Projects Free Downloads include around 36 Free PHP projects, 3 Projects built using CodeIgniter, and 36 Paid PHP projects. These projects are very obliging to enhance your skills with attractive web applications, and each Project is well designed for effective and interactive usage. The PHP projects are categorized into versatile topics ... Well organized and easy to understand Web building tutorials with lots of examples of how to use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, Python, PHP, Bootstrap, Java, XML and more. Launch your Laravel infrastructure on Vapor and fall in love with the scalable simplicity of serverless. Lightweight starter kit scaffolding for new applications with Blade or Inertia. Take the pain out of managing subscriptions on Stripe or Paddle. Automated browser testing to ship your application with confidence. To serve your project locally, you may use the Laravel Homestead virtual machine, Laravel Valet, or the built-in PHP development server: php -S localhost:8000 -t public. Configuration. All of the configuration options for the Lumen framework are stored in the .env file. Once Lumen is installed, you should also configure your local environment.This package was approved as a trusted package on 30 Aug 2023. Description. PHP is an HTML-embedded scripting language. Much of its syntax is borrowed from C, Java and Perl with a couple of unique PHP-specific features thrown in. The goal of the language is to allow web developers to write dynamically generated pages quickly.PHP - Keep The Values in The Form. To show the values in the input fields after the user hits the submit button, we add a little PHP script inside the value attribute of the following input fields: name, email, and website. In the comment textarea field, we put the script between the <textarea> and </textarea> tags. Aug 1, 2023 · You can also call the script from the command line after chmod'ing the file (ie: chmod 755 file.php). On your first line of the file, enter "#!/usr/bin/php" (or to wherever your php executable is located). If you want to suppress the PHP headers, use the line of "#!/usr/bin/php -q" for your path. up. down. Then cut the closing body and html tags and paste them all the way down at the bottom, below the closing php tag to wrap your php code without actually changing anything. Finally, you can just put your plain old link to your stylesheet into the head of your HTML. PHP: PHP 8.0.0 Release Announcement. PHP 8.1.23 Released! Change language: Released! PHP 8.0 is a major update of the PHP language. It contains many new features and optimizations including named arguments, union types, attributes, constructor property promotion, match expression, nullsafe operator, JIT, and improvements in the type system ... Dec 19, 2021 · Just like any other programming language, PHP also supports various types of operations like arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, etc), logical operations (AND, OR etc), Increment/Decrement Operations, etc. Thus, PHP provides us with many operators to perform such operations on various operands or variables, or values. Note that fgetcsv, at least in PHP 5.3 or previous, will NOT work with UTF-16 encoded files. Your options are to convert the entire file to ISO-8859-1 (or latin1), or convert line by line and convert each line into ISO-8859-1 encoding, then use str_getcsv (or compatible backwards-compatible implementation).
Here's how to run dual PHP instances with PHP 5.2 and any previous PHP on Windows 2003: 1. Right-click My Computer, go to Advanced tab, and click on Environment Variables. Add the two installations and their EXT directories to the Path variable. For example, add: c:\php;c:\php\ext;c:\TMAS\php;c:\tmas\php\ext;. Riko nano
Not only while checking the versions of php but also while compiling/running any php file it give that 'vcruntim.dll' 14.0 is cont compatible with this php erroe. – Pranav Singh Tomar Feb 24, 2020 at 16:23PHP is an open-source, interpreted, and object-oriented scripting language that can be executed at the server-side. PHP is well suited for web development. Therefore, it is used to develop web applications (an application that executes on the server and generates the dynamic page.). PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994 but appeared in the ...Here's how to run dual PHP instances with PHP 5.2 and any previous PHP on Windows 2003: 1. Right-click My Computer, go to Advanced tab, and click on Environment Variables. Add the two installations and their EXT directories to the Path variable. For example, add: c:\php;c:\php\ext;c:\TMAS\php;c:\tmas\php\ext;Aug 1, 2023 · Command line options; Option Long Option Description-a--interactive: Run PHP interactively. For more information, see the Interactive shell section.-b--bindpath: Bind Path for external FASTCGI Server mode (CGI only). Not only while checking the versions of php but also while compiling/running any php file it give that 'vcruntim.dll' 14.0 is cont compatible with this php erroe. – Pranav Singh Tomar Feb 24, 2020 at 16:23Not only while checking the versions of php but also while compiling/running any php file it give that 'vcruntim.dll' 14.0 is cont compatible with this php erroe. – Pranav Singh Tomar Feb 24, 2020 at 16:23Aug 1, 2023 · worth reading for people learning about php and programming: (adding extras <?php ?> to get highlighted code) about the following example in this page manual: Example#1 Logical operators illustrated Launch your Laravel infrastructure on Vapor and fall in love with the scalable simplicity of serverless. Lightweight starter kit scaffolding for new applications with Blade or Inertia. Take the pain out of managing subscriptions on Stripe or Paddle. Automated browser testing to ship your application with confidence. NOTE: The documentation below refers to the Phalcon 5.0.0 installation. Adjust your installation/commands to the version you want to install accordingly. Along with PHP 7.4 or greater, depending on your application needs and the Phalcon components you need, you might need to install the following extensions: curl. fileinfo. You can also call the script from the command line after chmod'ing the file (ie: chmod 755 file.php). On your first line of the file, enter "#!/usr/bin/php" (or to wherever your php executable is located). If you want to suppress the PHP headers, use the line of "#!/usr/bin/php -q" for your path. up. down.Step 1- Create a HTML PHP Login Form. Step 2: Create a CSS Code for Website Design. View More. In today's digital age, the importance of online security cannot be ignored. As a result, creating a login form is an essential feature for any website that requires user authentication. The following is a guide on creating a login form in PHP.The user friendly PHP online compiler that allows you to Write PHP code and run it online. The PHP text editor also supports taking input from the user and standard libraries..